Case Study Course Work Of Project Management - 1573 Words

Title: Course work of Project Management Author: Monalisa Soni Date: 24/02/2015 Distribution: Mr Richard Johnson MSc Management of Business Information Technology Abstract This report describes the reorganizing and rebranding the business of the Harrison books as Harrison Collectable Ltd. (HCL). This report consists the plan of business followed by risks; cover the risk, efficiency improvement in the business. The owners of the business are Sebastian and Rachel Harrison. As per the owners reorganizing the company would help and give profits to the business which will also be helpful for the global exposure. This idea would be profitable to the owners. Reorganization of business time frame is twelve weeks. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Rebranding Project Plan highlighting the risks 4 1.1 Planning 5 1.2 Risks 8 1. Rebranding Project Plan highlighting the risks Reorganizing the business of Harrison Books is the project which needs to be initiated setting the plan. Plan has to be the series of processes direct towards the required result in time. Scheduling is very important in this project as it has very limited time and process dependencies. Planning of the project will maintain and ensure the process is fulfilling the need of the business. Here, Planning and execution would be difficult for both Sebastian and Rachel. They are hiring an external company for Planning and Designing the plan.Show MoreRelatedThe Course Project Management Under Professor Thomas A1641 Words   |  7 Pages1. INTRODUCTION The course Project Management under Professor Thomas A. Brodowski is one of the most constructive courses I have taken so far. The learnings of this course is very broad and will play a major role when I work in teams at work as it taught me several important things like interacting with the group and working as a team to finish the project. The even distribution between the meeting of group onsite and offsite was one the most important trait of the course as it prepared us how toRead MoreQuestions On Project Management Office Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages What is this course about? This 4-week focused course in Project Management Office designed for those seeking to gain practical, hands-on project management office skills. It will cover the basic principles of project management, including getting started; project planning and risk analysis; as well as provide practical training in the use of MS project, Excel beginner to intermediate level and MS PowerPoint. The course is unique because it focuses on learning project management office by â€Å"doing†Read MoreDivision of Commerce: Information Management991 Words   |  4 PagesCOMMUNITY COLLEGE OF CITY UNIVERSITY DIVISION OF COMMERCE SEMESTER B 2012/2013 COURSE OUTLINE |Module Code |CM20119 | |Module Title |INFORMATION MANAGEMENT | |Course Examiner: Dr. Jack Yeung |Office: AC2-5418 Main Campus Read MoreTaking a Look at Enterprise Architect UML Tool1252 Words   |  5 PagesJavascript. Requirement management facilitates what requirements are, how requirements are generated and organized, linking requirements to the design etc. Enterprise Architect allows creating requirement, model and manages requirements. It provides support for importing source code from programming languages like Java, C, C++, Python, C# etc. It assist user with powerful mechanism for generating customized documentation. 5. Example 1: Here is an example of library management system. In this systemRead MoreProduct Life Cycle of Parle G767 Words   |  4 PagesITM-EXECUTIVE EDUCATION CENTRE Course Title: Quantitative Techniques for Business Contact Hours: 24 hours Course Objective: Expose students to the application of basic Algebraic methods used in field of management. Introduction to the statistical methods and application in areas of research. Contents: Session No | Content | 1. | Introduction to Statistics. Scope and Limitations. Data Collection and Presentation. | 2. | Measures of Central Tendency, Depression. | 3. | Measures ofRead MoreManagement1132 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Practicing Project Management: A Case Study, 2005 BWF-HHMI Course in Scientific Management The ability to allocate resources to achieve a goal is the hallmark of project management. This case study is designed to help you practice the allocation of resources in project management and identify the effects of resource allocation on achieving specific goals. Read through and complete this case study, and examine the final outcome to understand the potential problems and pitfalls that can occurRead MoreProject Management : An Implementation Plan Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesrelates to project management especially within the construction industry. Project complexity is defined as consisting of many varied interrelated parts and can be operationalized in terms of differentiation and interdependence (Baccarini, 1996). The course established the fact that all projects do have some level of complexity. To be able to effectively identify the extent of complexity and to adequately plane for these complexities, one needs to get a clear understanding of what the project involvesR ead MoreConstruction: Rethinking Operational Stages1668 Words   |  7 Pagescalled the briefing process has perked the interests of the researcher in the course of producing a report on value management. During a research of a case study on ABC, the researcher has observed that without a clearly defined and articulated brief, the concept of client value can alter with each individual s perception. Such alterations can have a deep impact on the quality and the performance of construction projects. A brief review of text books and reports reveal that construction excellenceRead MoreWhy I Learned Technical Management1100 Words   |  5 Pagesand it becomes vital. Now, add management to the mix and we have a modern, futuristic way of life. Technology and management, both have been around for years now, but individually. While they are solid on their own, when we bring them together we have a true game changer. My enthusiasm for information technology developed around the time I started studying engineering. My fundamentals were rock solid. And I thought I had found my future, my career, until management arrived. And I became extremelyRead MoreEssay Strategic Operations1447 Words   |  6 Pages  415)          Hand- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€˜In    (Before   class)       Project   Progress    (After   class)    2    Peapod    External   view   of   the    organization’s    operations.       Risk   assessment    Operational   hedges    Sourcing   challenges    Plan   for   next   steps    3    4    Seagate   Technology                  (Ch.   12,   p.      405)          Simulation    preparation    Course   Description   and   Objectives    THE    GOAL    OF    THIS    COURSE    is    to    understand    how    strategic    operations    decisions

The Era Of Industrial Revolution - 1474 Words

Throughout history, there were numerous ages and eras that brought considerable changes and advancements to the human society. For instance, the age of exploration led explorers such as Columbus and Dias to discover unknown continents and routes. The age of enlightenment caused a burst of knowledge and ideas based on reason from people such as John Locke and Voltaire. The most important era, however, that brought substantial and visible change to the way of living is the era of Industrial Revolution. The period of the Industrial revolution began in the early 1700s and ended in the late 1800s. During the century, the Industrial revolution engendered both positive and negative changes to the human society. Some of the cons include the rapid†¦show more content†¦There are numerous underlying factors brought by the industrial revolution that contributed to this rapid growth in human population. First is the agricultural advancement during the industrial revolution. The developme nt of crop rotation and irrigation technologies increased crop yield and made food more available to people. With abundant amount of food, human population could grow quickly with less people starving to death. Additionally, medical advances during the industrial revolution played a significant role in the burst of the human population. Through the invention of penicillin by Andrew Fleming and pasteurization by Pasteur, less people died due to diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. In other words, diseases that were incurable became curable through the use of anti-biotic such as penicillin that killed most bacteria. Foods, especially milk, became cleaner and more sanitary through the use of pasteurization. Also, the invention of anesthesia made surgeries more applicable. This advancement in medical technologies saved more lives thus human population could grow more rapidly during the era of Industrial Revolution. Not only there were medical advancements, sanitary conditions also i mproved as a result of the Industrial Revolution. In particular, the invention of soap led to improved hygiene of the people, which led to less deaths and growth in human population. Lastly, people were given more opportunities during the

Oroonoko Free Essays

Aphra Behn’s, â€Å"Oroonoko† is definitely a story that revolves around betrayal. Much of the conflict that resounds in Oroonko throughout the story is based on actions of betrayal. Oroonoko, the royal slave, is constantly surrounded by one betraying act after another. We will write a custom essay sample on Oroonoko or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the beginning of the story Behn portrays Oroonoko and Imoinda as beautiful creatures. They were destined to be together. The betrayal of the king by stealing Imoinda away from Oroonoko for himself was ultimately the utmost deceiving act a grandfather could portray against his grandson. The old king was so smitten by Imoinda’s beauty he wanted her for himself, despite knowing that Oroonko and Imoinda were privately vowed to one another. â€Å"He was therefore no sooner got to his apartment but he sent the royal veil to Imoinda, that is, the ceremony of invitation; he sends the lady he has a mind to honor with his bed a veil, with which she is covered, and secured for the King’s use; and ‘tis death to disobey, besides held a most impious disobedience†(Behn 2320). Next we read where Oroonoko meets back up with a captain and commander that he once had sold his own slaves. The captain â€Å"wines and dines† Oroonoko and entertains him so that Oroonoko fell hard in a trap the captain had decisively laid out to capture Oroonoko. Once the prince was drunk with wine he was curious to look over the ship. The captain quickly took the opportunity to seize him and forced him into great irons and thrown in with the rest of the slaves on the ship. The text reads, â€Å"and betrayed into slavery†(Behn 2332). In closing, Oroonoko faced many trials and betrayals in his life that were physically and emotionally malicious and ultimately destructive. From the betrayal of his own grandfather lusting after his one true love to being tricked by the captain, a man he trusted, into slavery. Oroonoko â€Å"resented this indignity, who may be best resembled to a lion taken in a toil†¦ and tired by rage and indignation, he laid himself down, and sullenly resolved upon dying†(Behn 2332). How to cite Oroonoko, Essay examples

Evaluating Research Sources Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating Research Sources. Answer: Ted French, from an informed point view, summarizes the set theory; highlighting most relevant and commonly applicable aspects of the sets as outlined in discrete mathematics. The author dwells on aspects of the set theory that mainly used in computer science in defining variables and building functions. To achieve this, in particular, the article discusses set overview, set notation, element order and repetition, sets and ellipses. Special sets, roster verses descriptive form of representing sets, set builder form of representing sets, shorthand characters and sets and Venn diagrams. The author goes further to define a set a list or a collection of objects. Great emphasis is accorded set notations. That is Venn diagrams, set builder notation, roster form and descriptive way of representing sets. In the process of achieving this, discrete mathematics symbols and notations of representing logical statements and numbers are brought forward. This includes , among many other symbols. For instance, represents an empty set while is a representation of real numbers. The source is recent, credible and relevant. Inasmuch as the source is relevant and credible, the content of the source is very shallow. The emphasis has been given to definition and symbols used in the topic rather than presenting deeper content of the topic at hand. Completion of the part of this assignment that requires this information could not be satisfactorily be completed without consulting other sources. The article is a tutorial that focuses on the number systems; binary, decimal and hex conversion. The author, Panos Georgiadis, use explanations and numerical examples to illustrate how to carry out conversions between binary, decimal and hex. For instance, an example is given on how to convert 343, which is a decimal number to binary notation. The tutorial explains the meaning of binary, decimal and hex number system. Besides, a greater emphasis is given to binary to decimal conversion, decimal to binary conversion, hex to binary conversion and vice versa, hex to decimal conversion and vice versa. For each conversion, a numerical illustration is given to show how to carry out the conversion. The source is recent. Panos is a renowned writer in the area of Information Technology and has written a myriad of articles for many IT websites. For that reason, the source is credible and relevant. Besides, the information is enough to meet the requirement of this part of the assignment. This is an article about set theory that was written by Robert Stoll and Herbert Enderton. The two authors state that set theory is a branch of mathematics that specializes in the properties of a well-specified group of objects may or may not mathematical value. Both numbers and functions, and how they are used in set theory are highlighted. Additionally, the history and evolution of set theory are explained. Another aspect of the set theory that is given much attention is the application of the sets. Some areas of application such religion, philosophy and geometry are discussed. The authors give an emphasis on the nave set theory where the fundamental set concepts are highlighted. It is noted that nave theory has a unique definition that assumes that a set is a group of objects called elements that are taken as single objects. The article concentrates on a very narrow part of set theory thus its content is too shallow. Consequently, the source cannot independently support meeting of the assignments objectives. Thus the source must be used together with other sources to get relevant information needed for the completion of the exercise. The source both relevant, recent and credible. Stephen Simpson writes about logic and mathematics. The article borrows information from other sources to explain various aspects of logic and mathematics. The main aspects highlighted under logic are Aristotlean logic and the predicate calculus. Under foundation of mathematics, the topics discussed are Euclidean geometry and formal theories of mathematics. On the other hand, Plato and Aristotle, the 20th Century and the future are discussed under the philosophy of mathematics. An important aspect discussed under Aristotlean logic is the law of syllogism. While the source is relevant and credible, it is not recent. It was written in 1999; which is 18 years ago. Additionally, the information is shallow and extra information must be sought to meet the requirements needed for the law of syllogism. The article explains the meaning and determination of the set theory. Cardinality is defined as the number of elements in a set. Besides definition, two types of sets are discussed; these are finite and infinite cardinalities. Under each, numerical examples are given support the explanation. Besides, the main aspects of the article, cardinality, minor subtopics such as diagonalization and set mapping are also explained. The article is recent, relevant and credible. The information presented is credible because it agrees with other information written by other authors in various books. Additionally, the information given is enough to meet the requirement of the assignment of cardinality. References French, T., 2017. Sets. [Online] Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/mathematical-sets-4123659 [Accessed 19 April 2017]. Georgiadis, P., 2015. Hex binary decimal conversion tutorial. [Online] Available at: https://www.unixmen.com/hex-binary-decimal-conversion-tutorial/ [Accessed 19 April 2017]. Robert, S. Herbert, E., 2016. Set Theory. [Online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/set-theory [Accessed 19 April 2017]. Simpson, S. G., 1999. Logic and Mathematics. [Online] Available at: https://www.personal.psu.edu/t20/papers/philmath/ [Accessed 19 April 2017]. Vel, 2013. Cardinality. [Online] Available at: https://math.wikia.com/wiki/Cardinality [Accessed 19 April 2017].

Emergency room Review Essay Example

Emergency room Review Paper Essay on Emergency room Emergency room a disgusting book. Tatiana Solomatina now probably be delighted: Dada! After all, there is so much blood, so much meat! Thats disgusting! . But I hasten to disappoint the author, the book is disgusting in the most banal literary sense of the word. First, the Emergency room has no plot, which would not be ashamed to utter in an idle conversation. The protagonist a young man without a flaw, and with a phenomenal memory comes to work in the hospital, where the first sight falls in love with a girl without a single blemish, on the same day marry her, and in the interval between these two events drinks some vodka. Agree with such a trivial story line of the book, many will not tell Second, the book the characters are drawn from series category C:. They or wise Kaa (and then all listen to him, open-mouthed), or jealous loser (and he is jealous, the losers, the jealous again), or it is unfortunate family man (and then suffer the fate of the only on this occasion). Archetypes of characters are registered at the level of teen literature, which does not really fit in the hospital chamber mode. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency room Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency room Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency room Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Third, the dialogue in the book true vaudeville. Heroes recite endless multi monologues, the third sentence of which the real interlocutor asked friends to relax. The characters speak to each other nasty things, which opponents react understanding sigh: Yeah, Im a loser, and the life I suck and with a sweet smile opens the door to the winner. Heroes do not feel any emotion other than a quiet romantic sadness that would not happen to them -. The divorce, sex, or production meeting the award The very same writer operates unreadable multistory compound sentence, vulgar turns and banal cliches. Add to this the constant quoting is fairly mediocre poems Tatiana Solomatina beloved husband, unforgivable mistakes in quotations of Soviet cinema and you get the literary basis of the book. Oh yeah, I forgot more about one authors reception the writer loves allusions, but each of them for loyalty marks snosochkoy bottom of the page: The allusion to the film The Pokrovsky Gates - cute and touching From the point of view of food for. mind and heart book is empty and meaningless in terms of eye candy worthless and poor. If the author believes that the detailed description of the birthing process (! Its crown room) it carries fastidious reader and it opens up new horizons of consciousness, then it is wrong: in the mouth Solomatina process of childbirth does not look more spectacular than the tire changing process .

Change Management in Nokia Company

Change Management in Nokia Company Company background Nokia Corporation is an international communication firm whose headquarters are situated in Espoo. The company is popular for manufacturing mobile phones. In addition, the company manufactures other consumer products like mobile networks, set-top boxes, and apparatus for broadband internet.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Change Management in Nokia Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, Nokia Corporation supplies the motor industry with car speakers (Kautto 2009). Currently, the company dominates the mobile phone market with a market share of over 38.6 percent. In 2010, Nokia’s financial income was $2.6 billions. Engineer Fredrik Idestam established the company in 1965. During this period, the company dealt with paper products, which it exported to Great Britain and Russia. In early 20th century, the company concentrated on manufacture of wheelchair frames and rubber boots. Even today, some brands of bicycle tires bear the company’s name. The modern Nokia Company was established in 1967. The management brought the former paper mill section and the rubber works together to establish a technological company. In 1981, a mobile network was launched in Scandinavian, prompting Nokia Corporation to manufacture its first car phones. In 1987, the company manufactured its first mobile phone. At the same time, Nokia Corporation helped Finland, Germany, China, Poland, Italy, and Mexico to repair network for their entertainment industries (Ropponen 2008). In 2010, Stephen Elop joined the company’s management team. Nokia Corporation merged with Siemens to form one of the biggest telecommunication networks dubbed Nokia Siemens Networks. Currently, Nokia Corporation is among the companies that manufacture quality smart phones globally. The company continues coming up with novel inventions in line with the emerging technologies.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors influencing organizational change In 2004, Nokia Company started restructuring its operations as a way to satisfy customer aspirations. The company came up with a program dubbed â€Å"the Nokia Booster program†, which aimed at bringing together online customers and the company’s strategic development (Schienstock 2004). A number of factors contributed to the restructuring process. Among them include desire to, attain global coverage, embrace employee empowerment, promote co-creation, and support the community. One of the key factors that prompted Nokia Corporation to come up with the Nokia Booster program was the pressure to exploit the global market. The company was in need for establishing a single access point through which it could communicate with all its target consumers, and employees worldwide. Prior to the program, the comp any relied on a communication structure where information was conveyed from the top management, down to the employees through a number of senior staff (Schienstock 2004). Such a communication structure was slow. Consequently, the company required a communication structure that could keep pace with the contemporary marketplace. To enhance its performance, Nokia Corporation required having a platform through which it could share its agendas with employees. Previously, employees made limited contribution to organizational policies (Krell 2000). To make sure that employees backed the company’s agendas, Nokia Corporation had to come up with mechanisms that would captivate the employees. The company learnt that employees could be active if allowed to manage debates that fascinated them.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Change Management in Nokia Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this, the comp any assigned different employees to different agendas and requested them to share the agenda with the public. This helped the company to gather information from the public, therefore, aligning its operations with customer needs. The program helped the company to reach its target customers in remote areas where it was hard for employees to reach (Nonaka Teece 2001). Through the program, customers shared their views about the company and changes they wish the company to make, thus, spurring employee creativity. Indeed, the program led to numerous innovations in the company. Management team in Nokia Corporation maintained that, for the company to perform, it required exploiting the vast experience and knowledge; its employees possessed. Nevertheless, it could hardly achieve this without fostering cooperation between the employees. Senior managers came up with ideas concerning the innovations they would like to introduce into the company (Masalin 2003). The company then disseminated th e ideas to employees and customers through the Nokia Booster program. The program helped the company to establish a platform by which it could get opinions from all the stakeholders, therefore, coming up with products that meet all the desired specifications. Besides, the company needed to be sure that its employees are aware of the value of the projects the company initiates. Nokia Corporation could achieve this by involving the employees in formulation and implementation of the projects (Masalin 2003). The Nokia Booster program acted as an avenue through which the company fostered cooperation between employees in different departments.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a span of six months, the company had started witnessing inventions as employees seek to enhance organizational operations. In addition, employees shared ideas on changes they considered unfeasible, thus, helping the company pursue feasible goals only (Masalin 2003). How organizational change unfolded In 2004, Nokia Corporation made it public that it intended to begin organizational change, which aimed at helping the company meet changing consumer needs. The company reduced the number of its business units to four. It implemented the entire change within one week. To implement the change, the company required a hundred employees taking new jobs. All the other employees retained their original jobs. Nokia Corporation reconstructed its initial modular teams (Ropponen 2008). The company established a common platform through which all employees shared their ideas to help the company to address customer ambitions. Ropponen posits, â€Å"The genesis of the Booster Programme, launched in late 2008, could be traced to the wide involvement of the strategy-planning process and to the flexibility and project orientation of the modular structure† (2008, p. 163). The program started with a design team led by Ian Gee and Maximilian Kammerer. The design team argued that the traditional system of communication made it hard for the company to achieve its goals. Hence, the company required a platform that would help it involve all its stakeholders in pursuing organizational goals. The design team resolved to organize a workshop â€Å"with team leaders followed by the much broader involvement of the whole community through an online social network community† (Masalin 2003, p. 69). The corporation organized for workshops in different cities across the globe. At least a hundred change leaders participated in every workshop. After the workshops, participants went back to their organizations, where they recruited employees into the adopted change processes. Online c ommunity took the centre stage in steering the changes. This mishmash of traditional communication mechanisms and novel forms of relations established an upsurge of fervor (Masalin 2003). The Booster led to open discourse between frontline workers, community members, and managers about challenges affecting the company. The online community furnished employees with information concerning potential changes that could benefit the company, therefore, helping them initiate innovations. Reference List Kautto, P 2009, ‘Nokia as an environmental policy actor: Evolution of collaborative corporate political activity in a multinational company’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 47 no. 1, pp. 103-125. Krell, T 2000, ‘Organizational longevity and technological change’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 8 – 14. Masalin, L 2003, ‘Nokia leads change through continuous learning’, Academy of Management Learning Educati on, vol. 2 no. 1, pp. 68-72. Nonaka, I Teece, D 2001, Managing Industrial Knowledge: Creation, Transfer and Utilization, SAGE Publications Ltd, London. Ropponen, T 2008, ‘The Nokia story of using action learning’, Action Learning: Research and Practice, vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 161-165. Schienstock, G 2004, Embracing the knowledge economy: the dynamic transformation of the Finnish Innovation System, Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton.

Brief a case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Brief a case - Essay Example At one point the cars pulled up alongside one another and the drivers spoke to each other. A traffic stop involving the Ford discovered cocaine and DeLatorre had been observed driving by the traffic stop twice and slowing down to observe the scene. A search warrant executed on the home uncovered more drug-related evidence. DeLatorre was subsequently arrested and charged with conspiracy to possess and distribute cocaine and aiding and abetting possession with intent to distribute. Legal Issues: Delatorre appealed his convictions on the grounds that there was insufficient evidence to substantiate the conviction on each of the counts. In particular, Delatorre argued that the probative value of the evidence against him was outweighed by its prejudicial effect. Delatorre also argued that the trial judge abused the discretion by allowing the prosecution’s expert witness to give evidence on issues that fell outside of the witness’s expertise. Legal Reasoning: Referring to the Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 702, the appellate court ruled that experts may testify to any fact or opinion based on â€Å"specialized knowledge that will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue† provided the expert is â€Å"qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training or education† (Rule 702). Moreover, if the court errs in determining the expertise of a specific expert witness pursuant to the definition provided in Rule 702, the conviction will not be overturned if the error was harmless (United States v Carrazana, 921 F.2d 1557 (11th Cir. 1991). The expert witness testified to drug language and schemes characteristic of the illegal drug trade. The appellate court ruled that courts have allowed Drug Enforcement Officers to testify as experts relative to drug trades language and schemes. In this case the appellate court was satisfied that the expert witness, as a Drug Enforcement Officer had the necessary

Work Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Work Experience - Essay Example (Source http://www.hcareers.com/us/seeker/tophiring/hotel) There are almost as many different types of hotel jobs as there are hotels and properties, offering job seekers interesting and enjoyable opportunities to try something new, advance in the industry and find rewarding careers. Job seekers looking for hotel/casino jobs may find themselves working as front desk clerks, housekeeping managers, concierges, food and beverage managers, catering and convention directors, general manager, executive chef, sous-chef, banquet manager, casino dealer, and casino slot attendant. And for job seekers coming from other industries who are interested in hotel jobs or casino jobs, many state, provincial and local government tourism boards offer hospitality training courses to help them make the transition. Until recently, hands-on training was the only way to learn the ropes in the hospitality industry. As the industry has grown and matured, so has the need for more professional employees. The approach today is multi-faceted, involving a combination of university or community college hospitality courses, professional programs offered by industry-specific institutes, online courses, job shadowing and mentoring, as well as the old standard, on-the-job training. Many universities now offer a Bachelor in Hospitality or Ba... Many universities now offer a Bachelor in Hospitality or Bachelor in Hotel & Resort Management, while colleges offer diploma courses in hospitality management, hotel & restaurant management, hospitality & tourism.Brighton Beach Hotel Enter and savour the air of elegance and tranquility where a friendly smile greets you and where service is of the utmost importance. A warm and welcoming reception awaits you when you arrive at the famous Beach Hotel. With over 30 rooms tastefully furnished in a traditional Regency style, all with en-suite facilities and the necessities for modern day living, the Beach Hotel offers the ideal stopover for business or leisure. The Beach Hotel is superbly situated on Brighton seafront overlooking The West Pier and English Channel. The Brighton Conference Centre and major tourist attractions including Brighton Pier, the main shopping center, Churchill Square, the world famous Lanes, the Theatre Royal, and the Royal Pavilion once holiday home to The Prince Regent just a few minutes walk away. For more than a Century and a half this architectural landmark on Brighton seafront has become a symbol of hospitality. The Beach Hotel together with the Regency Restaurant is an original Grade II listed building of historical importance which in 1988 was given a Best Building Design award by Brighton Council for an original period building. "Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at something worth doing" Source :( humanresources.about.com/od/inspirationalquotations/a/quotes_work.htm -) Work Experience In HR Department: In any organization, HR

Vicarious Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vicarious Liability - Essay Example The concept of vicarious liability can be substantiated in this case in numerous ways. The first evidence can be observed on the agreement signed between Robert Courtney and Eli Lilly and Company. Whereby, Elil Lilly and company were supposed to supply Courtney with Chemotherapy drugs. However, Robert Courtney started participating in pharmaceutical fraud by buying drugs from a grey market and at the same time diluting Taxol and Gemzal drugs supplied by Eli Lilly and company. This means that Elil Lilly and company had a vicarious liability due to the tortuous acts committed by Robert Courtney of whom they had a special relationship based on the agreement they had signed (Giliker, 2011). The second evidence of vicarious liability can be observed between Doctor Hunter and Robert Courtney. Doctor Hunter was supplied cancer drugs by Robert Courtney pharmacy whereby, he used those drugs to diagnose his patient without the knowledge that Courtney had diluted the drugs. This resulted to substantial harm to the patients diagnosed by Doctor Hunter. Therefore, based on this relationship Robert Courtney had vicarious liability towards Doctor Hunter’s patients. This is because Courtney was responsible for the harm that doctor hunter had caused towards his patients (Moses & Jones, 2011). The organizational parties that could be held liable in this case include: Eli Lilly and company, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Kansas City General Hospital where Doctor Hunter was working and finally Research Medical Towers Pharmacy Owned by Robert Courtney. Eli Lilly and company were liable because the organisation had a special relationship with Courtney. This relationship was established via an agreement whereby, Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company agreed to be supplying Robert Courtney Pharmacy with chemotherapy drugs. This means that Eli Lilly and Company had a corporate

Ionic Sieving Properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) Membranes

Ionic Sieving Properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) Membranes ABSTRACT: We characterized the ionic sieving properties of graphene oxide (GO) membranes by performing classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The Lerf-Klinowski model is used for GO nanosheets structure. The Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations for all atoms (OPLS-AA) force field is used for GO potential. The SPC/E model is used for water molecules. We show that GO membranes can act as reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, although the water flow in GO membranes is hundred times faster than RO membranes. In this work two important factors in ionic sieving process are studied. First the GO layers separation and second the pressure of water. Each simulation runs until at least half of the water molecules are desalinated. The water flux, permeability, salt rejection, potential of mean force (PMF), and radial distribution function (RDF) are measured. We show that the GO membranes can be the appropriate choice for desalination of seawater in future due to the simplicity in produc tion, low cost, fast water flow, and great ion rejection ability. By 2030 nearly half the global population could be facing water scarcity, with demand outstripping supply by 40 percent, said United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon.Over 97% of the water on the Earth is saline water and only three percent is fresh water and about two thirds of this fresh water is frozen.So in the near future the only way to provide fresh water is desalination of seawater. There are common ways to desalinate seawater like reverse osmosis (RO) or methods based on distillation. In the RO method an applied pressure is used to overcome natural osmotic pressure so water passes through a semi-permeable membrane leaving salt behind. In the Distillation methods seawater is evaporated and then condensed to produce freshwater. Both methods require a lot of energy and are very costly. Recently nanotube-based membranes and graphene-based membranes have attracted many interests for their potential in water desalination due to their high permeability and great ion rejection. Although these membranes have a great theoretical advantages, the problem of synthesis and fabrication is a major challenge for producing cost effective membranes. Graphene oxide (GO) is a chemical derivative of graphene with several functional groups such as epoxide and hydroxyl that is produced from graphite by the Hummers method. GO has been synthesized and fabricated in the forms of papers and films in the industrial-scale. Functional groups and layers separation of GO membranes can optimized simply during synthesis process to achieve best performance for desalination. In the GO membranes, water molecules permeate through the nanochannels between oxidized regions (pristine regions), which are provided by the hydrophobicity of functional groups. Particles that have a smaller size than the GO nanochannels can permeate in the GO membrane with speed orders of magnitude greater than common membranes. Dry GO membranes have a layers separation of ~5 ±1 angstroms which only lets water vapor molecules permeate through the nanochannels. When a GO membrane is immersed in water, it is swelled so the layers separation is increased to ~12 ±1 angstroms. Na+ is the smallest ion in the saline water which has a hydrated diameter of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¾9 Ã…. Therefore after swelling of the membrane, small ions such as Na+ can permeate easier which leads to reduction of ion rejection. Several methods have been tried to prevent swelling of GO membranes, such as physical confinement, and crosslinking of nanosheets In this paper we present a next generation of ultrathin membranes which have remarkable abilities like high permeability, good ion rejection, and great resistance to blockage. Furthermore the simple and cheap methods for synthesis of GO membranes make them energy efficient. We performed Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the large-scale atomic molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS).The VMD and OVITO were used for analysis and visualization. All simulations were carried out in NVT ensemble with a Nosà ©-Hoover thermostat and a damping constant of 10 femtoseconds. The equations of motion were integrated with a time step of 1 femtosecond using the velocity-verlet algorithm. The periodic boundary conditions (PBC) were applied for all three directions. The all-atom optimized potential for liquid simulations (OPLS-AA) is used for graphene oxide (GO) and salt ions.This potential contains many-body terms, including bond stretching, bond angle bending, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions. In addition, OPLS uses a geometric combining rule for the Lennard-Jones coefficients. The extended simple point charge model (SPC/E) is used for water molecules, following previous studies on similar systems. The force field parameters are given in the table S1 to table S4 completely (see supporting information). The SHAKE algorithm is applied for water molecules to reduce high frequency vibrations that require shorter time steps. The interaction between water and GO includes both van der Waals and electrostatic terms. The van der Waals forces are truncated at 1.0 nm, and the long-range Coulomb interactions are computed by using the particle-particle particle-mesh (PPPM) algorithm. As it is seen in the figure S1 (see supporting information), in our model of GO, both hydroxyl and epoxide groups are considered, following the Lerfà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Klinowski model that is the most well-known model for GO. The structure of the single sheet of GO was considered as 1.5ÃÆ'-3 nm2 containing 18 epoxide and 25 hydroxyl groups. The oxygen functional groups were distributed on both sides of GO sheet. The single sheet of GO contains 206 carbon atoms and 43 oxygen atoms. Therefore, the ratio of C/O is about 4.8 which is in consistent with the Lerfà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Klinowski model. The size of simulation box in the x, y and z directions were about 17, 37 and 11 nm respectively. For preventing the membrane from movement, carbon atoms in the edges of the sheets were fixed. In the first step, a membrane was designed with 13 GO sheets and two layers according to the GO membranes structure proposed in previous studies. Distance between the edges was considered 2 nm. Figure S2 shows the designed membrane (see supporting information). Simulations were carried out for multiple values of layers separation from 7 to 8.5 angstroms with increment of 0.5 angstroms. For each choice of layers separation, three simulations were run for different nominal water pressures of 500 atm, 1000 atm, and 2000 atm. These numbers are nominal pressures but in the feed side of simulation box using voronoi atom volume estimation, feed pressure determined as 600 atm, 980 atm, and 1600 atm. Water pressure on the feed side of the membrane was enforced by applying specified and uniform forces in the z-direction to the piston atoms, thus ensuring that the water pressure was kept constant. Figure S3 shows the membrane with the layers separation of 8.5 angstroms, water, salt ions, and the piston (see supporting information). In the Figure S3a after 0.1 ns water molecules are in the pressure of 2000 atm and in the Figure S3b after 14 ns, we have 94 percent salt rejection and more than half of water molecules purified. In our simulations, saltwater was generated on the feed side of the membrane, consisted of 4800 water molecules and 52 Na+/Clà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ pairs, corresponding to a salt concentration of 35.5 g/L, which is close to the normal salinity of seawater (~35 g/L). Figure 1a shows the flux of water (volume per unit of time per area) passing through the membrane as a function of applied pressure and layers separation. In our simulations, we had to use high pressures in compare to typical pressures that is needed for desalination, because we have a time scale limit in molecular dynamics. We can solve this problem with calculating permeability (volume per unit of time per area per pressure) of membrane that is shown in figure 1b. Another possible method is extrapolating the graphs in figure 1a to low pressures like 10 atm, so we can reach to appropriate flux due to approximately linear relation (R2=0.99). In figure 1b it is obvious that with increasing the layers separation, the membrane permeability increases linearly (R2=0.98). As it is expected the numbers for membrane permeability are in consistent with other reports.Figure 1c shows salt rejection for the membranes with different layers separation and different water pressures. Salt passage wa s calculated from proportion of filtered salt ions number at time t (t is the time that half of the water molecules passed from membrane) to initial salt ions number in the feed side. So we have salt rejection = (1 salt passage). As it is seen in the figure 1c, with increasing the pressure or layers separation, salt rejection reduces which is expected. It is clear that with using lower water pressures like 10 atm, we can achieve higher ion rejection. Figure 2a shows the number of water molecules versus time in the membrane part. For each value of separation there is a limit for number of water molecules that can be in the membrane. In the simulations with higher pressures, the membrane gets filled faster as it is shown in figure 2b. Furthermore in longer times (about 15 ns) the separation value controls the number of water molecules in the membrane. Therefore, without attention to the water pressure, anyway the membrane is filled with water completely. Figure 3 indicates number of filtered water molecules against time. The graphs are plotted at the time that half of the water molecules are desalinated. According to the figure 3b, it is obvious that after about 5 ns the membrane is filled approximately. So we can see a stable flow due to linear relationship between filtered molecules and time. Figure 3a shows water flow for different layers separation and figure 3b shows water flow for different pressures in constant separation value. Figure 4 is the 3D color map for potential of mean force (PMF) for a particle passing through two sheets of GO. The PMF was calculated from steered molecular dynamics (SMD). We used harmonic potential U = K(x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ x0)2/2, where K is 20 Kcal/mole-angstrom2 and end of spring moving with velocity of 0.00005 angstrom/femtosecond that is enough for reversible pulling. For checking the reversible pulling, the SMD was performed in X direction and -X direction at same width, but the results were same. Also using umbrella sampling and weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM) give us the same results as SMD for PMF calculation. For creating each PMF map, 30 simulations were performed to cover all of the GO layers width. We have done these simulations for 3 different layers separation. So we have a PMF map that shows barriers and valleys of energy all over the GO layers completely. In figure 4a, 4b, and 4c the PMF are plotted for Cl ion that passing from one side of GO layers to another side. In each path, Cl ion sees many barriers that prevent from movement of the ions. Also the ions can stuck in the valleys of energy between the barriers. Figure 4d, 4e, and 4f show PMF map for Na ion. In comparison to Cl ion, the barriers are shorter and valleys have a higher depth. So the Na ions in the valleys can move out with lower energy than Cl ions. PMF for H2O molecule in figure 4g, 4h, and 4i are shown. Flat surfaces indicate easy movement of H2O molecules across GO layers without encountering any barriers or valleys. As we can see in all of the plots, with increasing the layers separation, height of barriers and depth of valleys are reduced so the ions and water molecules move easier. Figure 5 shows salt concentration in the three part of feed, membrane, and filtered against time. In figure 5a the simulation is selected with layers separation of 8 angstroms and pressure of 2000 atmosphere. At the first of all simulations the salt concentration is 35.5 g/lit in the feed part which is same as sea water salinity. Salt concentration of feed part is slightly increased until reach to 90 g/lit at the time that half of the water molecules are desalinated. In the filtered part there are some peaks showing passage of ions through membrane. After the each peak, the salt concentration is reduced until the next peak because of passing water molecules from membrane into filtered part. Salt concentration in the membrane part fluctuates around the mean value of 17 g/lit until the end of simulation. So this fluctuation is enough to ensure that the membrane blockage does not occur even in higher salt concentrations like 90 g/lit. In figure 5b the layers separation is 8.5 angstroms with the water pressure of 2000 atmosphere. As we can see the behavior of plots is similar to figure 5a except number of peaks in the filtered part. Figure S4 indicates radial distribution function (RDF) for water and functional groups in GO layers (see supporting information). Figure S4a shows correlation between oxygen and hydrogen in water. Figure S4b presents RDF between oxygen in water and hydrogen in hydroxyl groups. Figure S4c shows RDF between hydrogen in water and oxygen in hydroxyl groups. Figure S4d shows correlation between hydrogen in water and oxygen of epoxide groups. The first peak in all of the plots in figure S4 shows length of hydrogen bond. As we can see in the figure the longest hydrogen bond is belong to hydrogen of water and oxygen of epoxide. We show that nanometer-scale pores in single-layer freestanding graphene can effectively filter NaCl salt from water. Using classical molecular dynamics, we report the desalination performance of such membranes as a function of pore size, chemical functionalization, and applied pressure.

Violent Behavior and the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Violent Behavior and the Brain - Do we know it all? The DMZ, which runs through Central Vietnam is a place where undisputed violence was unleashed for over a decade in the late sixties and early seventies. During the year that I worked in Vietnam, I often returned to this spot to watch the American Veterans, who would stand at the top of Marble Mountain, withered, with vacant stares out towards the stretch of beach known only to the Americans as China. It was mystifying to consider the sharp contrast that must have seemed all too apparent to them as the sounds of war loomed in their memories and the calm ocean stretched out before them now so serenely. It was then that I first started to consider what causes man to become so enraged as to commit atrocities of the mind, body and soul. Violence - pure and simple, is intrinsic to humanity. It almost goes unnoticed as a way of life in many communities. Drive through North Philadelphia on a spring afternoon and witness what appears to be life disappearing, receding under the concrete and graffiti. Look closer and witness the bullet holes in the walls of homes and cars. Still, there are other communities, such as North Brooklyn, where the rate of crime has been diminishing for the past twenty-five years. It seems, in fact, that violent crime does not behave as predicted. Social scientists have begun to suggest that, in fact, violent crime needs to be viewed much like an infectious disease. Simultaneously, neurobiologists have developed intricate research models and techniques to examine whether or not there are biological triggers that cause individuals to act violently. What if violence were to be truly considered an epidemic - one with BOTH neurological and sociological explanations? Being a public health practitioner and activist, I am inclined to champion the cause of social scientists and the role that society, economy, and politics play in the make-up of a violent individual. What is the environment that allows an epidemic of violence to overtake a community and how does it initiate in the individual? Epidemiologists consider an epidemic to reach its "tipping point" when it turns into a public health crisis. As Malcolm Gladwell notes in his article, "The Tipping Point", "Every epidemic has its tipping point, and to fight an epidemic you need to understand what that point is." What then, is the tipping point for an individual who is motivated to act violently?

Pearson and Mcdonal Lawsuit Analysis Essay

Executive Summary There are two major lawsuits which the main populace has defined as frivolous. One of those cases is the McDonald’s split coffee case. This is the case where the plaintiff spilled her coffee and was rumored to sue McDonald’s for 2.7 million dollars and win. The other’s case is the Pearson dry cleaning case where a man sued Chung Dry Cleaner’s 54 million dollars for losing his pants. The plaintiff won in the McDonald’s Case and the Plaintiff lost in the Dry clearance’s case. In this paper we are going to dissect each case by the facts, the law, the issues, the ethical issues, the defendants preventative measures, and then the analysis of it all. Introduction Frivolous lawsuits have over taken our society by storm. Anywhere from someone suing over a pair of lost pants to a person suing over a coffee burn. But what is Frivalous? Perhaps there is more to see in each of these suits that was originally thought. In 1992 79-year-old Stella Liebeck spilled coffee on herself and sued McDonald’s for the coffee being too hot. In May 2005 Judge Roy Pearson sued Custom Cleaners for losing a pair of his pants. On paper both of the lawsuits look ridiculous and should be dismissed as soon as the titles are read. But when looking into the details one discovers propaganda hugely blown out of proportion on one case and the other being exactly what it looks like. What are the Facts? Factual evidence is what gives a case its meat, its substance, so without worthy facts it is very easy for a case to lose any of its stimuli. On the other hand sometimes the facts of a case with swift ones initial opinion in a complete 180. The Pant’s Suit and the McDonald’s Coffee Suit both have information to back the claim, however, only one can truly be deemed as proof. In My 2005 District of Columbia Administrative Law Judge Roy. L. Pearson claimed Custom Cleaners lost his pants. Judge Pearson said he â€Å"dropped off blue Saks Fifth Avenue suit pants with burgundy pinstripes at Custom Cleaners for $10.50 alteration and that the gray, cuffed pants they tried to return to him were not his (Andrea, 2007).† Pearson then proceeded to request Custom Cleaners, owned by the So Jin and Sooo Chung, pay him over $1,000 for a new suit. The Chungs refused and Pearson proceeded with a lawsuit asking for 65 million dollars. Before the suit went to trial the Chung’s tried to settle, offering Pearson up to 12,000 dollars but Pearson refused and instead lowered his suit to 54 million dollars (O’Rourke, 2007). The suit then proceeded to the court. Stella Liebeck was burned by coffee going through a McDonald’s drive-through. Her grandson, Chris Tiano, stopped the car in the drive through so she could put cream and sugar in the coffee. Ms. Liebeck placed the coffee between her legs, and when she pulled the top off the coffee it spilled on her (Press & Carroll, 1995). She suffered severe third degree burn injuries to her buttocks, groin, and inner thighs. She was hospitalized for eight days because of the severity and had to receive multiple skin grafting procedures. Ms. Liebeck was disabled for two years due to her injuries. McDonald’s had 700 previous customer burning cases prior to Ms. Liebeck’s case, and the company decided to keep their coffee temperature at 190 degrees Fahrenheit. Prior to going the lawsuit path, Ms., Liebeck originally requested McDonald’s settle for injury costs; however, the company offered her $800 instead. Ms. Liebeck did not receive 2.7 Million Dollars as most assume, inste ad she received a total of $640,000 included the complementary damages and the punitive damages (Litant, 1995). When laying out the facts of the â€Å"McDonald’s Coffee Case† as most call it, one is shocked to find themselves on Ms. Liebeck’s metaphorical side of the matter rather than McDonald’s. One must always review the facts to have any true understanding on the matter. After reviewing the facts given by the Pant’s Suit and the McDonald’s Coffee case, a person can identify what suit is missing necessary information. In the Pant’s Suit Pearson has no proof that Customer Cleaners lost his pants, it is all alleged. He could have forgotten them at his house or lost them himself, there is not any way to prove Custom Cleaner’s even lost his pants. But in the McDonald’s case it is easy to see the facts because they are all in statistics, in photographs, the facts are all in the evidence. One case is already losing it’s steam while another is gaining momentum, lets move on. What are the Issues? An issue is why a case is even occurring. One issue is burns from an overly hot cup of coffee. The other issue is emotional distress and financial loss due to a pair of missing pants. There may be isssues though that grow from these or are the issues really that simple? In the missing pants case, the issue is Judge Pearson’s pants were allegedly misplaced by Custom Cleaners. So how is it a pair of missing pants led to a suit battle that lasted over two years? There must have been other issues involved. First lets assess the facts we received, the pair of pants Custom Cleaners gave Mr. Pearson he claimed were not his, but they were his size and matched the alteration specification requested (Goldwasser, 2007). Other issues that grew from the case was the loss of business and harassment the Chung’s received due to Mr. Pearson’s harassment. Mr. Pearson would regularly go door to door in the neighborhood asking the community in which Custom Cleaners was centered for his support in the case against him. The Chung’s had to eventually close down the store. The issue that started this entire fiasco was a pair of missing pants, which ended up leading Judge Pearson not being re-appointed and a Custom Cleaners being shut down. After the suit Judge Pearson received a letter from the Commission on Selection and Tenure Administrative Law Judges they elected not to re-appoint him as judge and cited his pour performance as a judge and the Pants suit (Cauvin, 2007). The issues are simple to spell out for Ms. Stella Liebeck’s case. The issue, which brings about the other issues, is the plaintiff, Ms. Liebeck, received third degree burns when Mc. Donald’s coffee was spilt on her lap. The plaintiff requested the defendant pay for medical bills and work loss, the defendant refused and offered a minimal sum, which would not even cover attorney costs. The defendant does not want to lower temperature they keep their coffee at as it would lower the â€Å"optimum taste† of the product. The plaintiff was partially at fault for spilling the coffee; however, experts said if the coffee was not that hot then the injuries would never of occurred regardless of who spilled the coffee. Subsequently the issues are but they aren’t that simple. From one issue can spur another and that is the case for both lawsuits. Ms. Liebeck was severely burned by McDonald’s coffee and requested an accurate amount for her injuries, they refused, and it went to court  causing the issue of monetary loss and embarrassment for McDonald’s. The issue that grew from the Pearson case was the business loss the Chung’s received. In both cases the defendants each ended up having an issue of their own. What Law Applies? Law’s can be manipulated and misinterpreted easily. There is even a branch of the government solely dedicated to translating the constitution accurately and ethically. In both cases there are law’s that come about, but in one case it is clear the law was perversely utilized. In the Custom Cleaner’s case the suit stated Judge Pearson was, â€Å" defrauded by the owners of Custom Cleaners and by the ‘Satisfaction Guaranteed’ sign they had (Cauvin, 2007). He also sued for emotional distress and legal costs (O’Rourke, 2007). Under Tort Law Pearson could be under Negligent Tort for damages, if he illustrates actual damages. Judge Pearson chose to sue under Intentional Torts, more specifically under Emotional Distress. The problem most defendants have come to is that emotional distress is ambiguous. Anyone can claim emotional distress for everyone is different with his or her tolerances. The most intriguing aspect in this case, is that the Chung’s never sued Pearson for defacement. The Chung’s had proof, witnesses, everything they needed for a successful trial. So under law the Plaintiff stretched manipulated the law definitions with very little proof for a lawsuit and the defendant did not even attempt to gain retribution. In the case of Stell Liebeck vs. McDonald’s several torn law come into the play. The definition of a tort law is â€Å"an injury to another’s person or property.† In this case there were severe damages done to the plaintiff according to the facts. There are there separate types of torn cases, compensatory nominal, and punitive. Ms. Liebeck’s case fit under compensatory and punitive. Compensatory for the injuries she received to include the special damages of doctor bills. She also is covered under punitive damages for the company was fully aware of how hazardous their product was and still refused to change the temperature of their coffee. Also Ms. Liebeck is covered under the ‘Cause-in-Fact’ of negligent Tort, since McDonald’s never went forward with any preventative measures. Her esquire Mr. Reed Morgan noted three specific charges against McDonald’s; the first being their product was  unduly hazardous due to its temperature; the second being McDonald’s failed to give its consumers the necessary warnings of the temperature; the third being the consumers could not drink the coffee at the time it was served; therefore there was breach of warranty (Press & Carroll, 1995). Mr. Morgan had the option of using a plethora of Tort law’s on behalf of his client Ms. Liebeck, and he took full advantage of that fact like any attorney would do for their case and client. In the McDonald’s case the law was not overly used, because the ones they referenced were enough for their case to be heard and be successful. But the Pearson case was another matter, the plaintiff was clearly stretching the law to try and manipulate it for his own base needs. What did the judge/jury decide? The McDonald’s case was a jury trial and the Pants case was a judge trial. Both cases were caught up in the legal battle for over two years. When the pants case finally made it to trial the case was dismissed in two days. The McDonald’s case did take a little longer for there was a lot of evidence for them to go through and there were multiple decision makers rather than just one. The Judge in the pants case held the decision not the jury. D.C. Superior Court Judge Judith Bartnoff found for the defendant on all counts. Judge Bartnoff denied any damage costs to the Plaintiff and ordered Pearson to pay the defendants court costs (Cleaners 1, Judge 0 in case of missing pants, 2007). Usually when one is in the judgment of ‘one of their own’ they find on behalf of their own. However it was clear Judge Bartnoff saw the absurdity of Pearson’s claim when she found in behalf of the defendants. In the case of the spilled coffee most of the jury had a 180 from their original inclinations of the case. Going into the case Jury member Roxanne Bell said, â€Å"she was insulted†¦the whole thing sounded ridiculous to me.† After the Jury heard testimony from three witnesses their opinions of the case started to alter. The first expert witness was Doctor Charles Baxter who spoke to the grotesque photographs of Ms. Liebecks’s injury and â€Å"testified that coffee at 170 degrees would cause second –degree burns within 3.5 seconds of hitting the skin (Press & Carroll, 1995).† And since McDonald’s kept their coffee at 190 degrees it is safe to say, It was extremely easy for Ms. Liebeck to get third degree burns. The other two  witnesses were actually defendant witnesses, the first was a quality-assurance supervisor at McDonald’s, and the second was a safety consultant. The first witness was Mr. Christopher Apleton who testified that even though McDonald’s had received over 700 coffee burn complaints in 10 years the company refused to lower their temperatures. The second defendant witness was Mr. Robert Knaff, who’s main problem was he contradicted himself in the middle of his testimony. As first he was tring to describe that 700 burn complaints in ten years amounted to only one in twenty-four million coffee cups, but then he later said in his testimony, â€Å"a burn is a very terrible thing (Press & Carroll, 1995).† By saying a burn was a terrible thing, then it was no longer a trivial matter. At the end of the case Ms. Bell defended the jury’s decision by exclaiming, â€Å" it was our way of saying, ‘Hey, open your eyes. People are getting burnedà ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Press & Carroll, 1995).† The Jury decided to teach McDonald’s a lesson for the over all negligence they displayed in their refusal to acknowledge the multiple previous warning they had received regarding the hotness of their coffee. The Jury awardee Ms. Liebeck a total of $2.7 million dollars in punitive damages, which at that time, is the amount of money McDonald’s would make in a two-day span. The jury was overzealous on Ms. Liebeck’s behalf for they wanted to reform and punish McDonald’s so the judge had to step in Where as in the Pants suit the judge quickly ‘put down the hammer’ on Judge Pearson. Did the judge or jury make an appropriate decision based on the applicable law controlling the cases? Why or Why not? The judge and jury both made the appropriate decisions in the verdict award, but no the appropriate decision on the fiscal award. In the case of the missing pants the judge appropriately awarded the fiscal and the verdict. The in McDonald’s case the jury appropriately awarded the verdict but inappropriately awarded the fiscal amount. Judge Judith Bartnoff made the appropriate decision according the appropriate definition of tort law in the missing pants case. In interpreting the law one must as a judge throw out the absurd cases but still justly review it. In her review of the missing pants case it was clear Mr. Pearson was unduly persecuting the Chungs over a pair of pants. Mr. Pearson did not have work loss because Custom Cleaners allegedly misplaced a pair of pants, and he was not harmed in any way. In the McDonald’s case the  jury made the correct decision in awarding the suit to Ms. Liebeck, but they made in the incorrect decision in obnoxious amount they chose to grant. Instead of awarding Ms. Liebeck the amount she was due, the jury decided to take a matter for McDonald’s company policy into their own hands to try and reform by ‘punishing’ the company so much they would have no choice but to lower the temperature of their coffee from 190 degrees Fahrenheit. The judge was correct in overturning the jury’s decision from awarding Ms. Liebeck 2.7 million in punitive damages to $480 in punitive damages. The judge recognized the jury was correct in deciding the defendant was guilty, but they were overzealous in their need to reform McDonald’s company policy. Overall the verdict for both cases was fairly awarded. What are the ethical issues in the cases? Do the ethical issues differ from the legal issues? If so How? There are ethical issues easily seen in both the Pearson and the Liebeck cases. In one case the Plaintiff was unethical and I the other case the defendant was unethical. In the Pearson case the ethical issues and the legal issues do not appropriately correspond. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to be allowed a lawsuit of $54 million dollars for a pair of pants, but he was legally allowed. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to deface Custom Cleaners by putting up signs in that community against them, but he was legally allowed to. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to demand Custom Cleaners, at the time of the incident, over $1000 for a new suit, but he was legally allowed to. Many people do not take manipulate and take advantage of the freedoms the United States allows its citizens, but there are those who will not only take advantage but make others look on in disgust for why he was allowed to do what he did. There are multiple ethical issues in the Liebeck case. The main one being responsibility. It is the responsibility of the company to listen to its consumers and McDonald’s failed to do so on multiple occasions. The other is knowingly harming other, McDonald’s knew there coffee had caused severe burns on other customers in the past but had refused to do anything about it, even when they were approached by the National Burn Victims Association to do so (Howard, 1994). In this case the ethical issues do not differ from the legal issues as each ethical issue directly corresponds with a broken law by McDonald’s. there are major ethical issues by the press, congress,  and other entities continuing to further there own agenda by only giving half truths concerning Ms. Liebeck’s case. There has been a significant push by Tort reformers due to the jury decision made in Ms. Liebeck’s case, but those are using severe propaganda to do so. Both of these cases have been described as â€Å"frivolous† lawsuits. Based on your research what do you think? Is either one or both of these cases frivolous? Intro Pearson Based on the research given, the Pants Suit case was a frivolous suit. A frivolous case is considered to be absurd, unneeded, and previously thought impossible. Judge Roy Pearson, a legal professional, most likely originally thought he could use the scare tactic with Customer Cleaners for the initial $1000 ask because of his power position. Instead when the defendant refused to pay that sum, the plaintiff lost his temper and in doing so lost his professional mind. The Plaintiff was not hurt, and he did not have any significant financial loss due to the initial incident. McDonald’s On paper Ms. Liebeck’s case looks frivolous; however, after examining the facts in no longer appears to be so. A woman did spill coffee on herself and did get burned, but she was severely burned from the hazardous temperatures McDonald’s kept there coffee of hat was not fit for human consumption. The amount the jury awarded her it what most of society deems obnoxious, bringing the classification of her lawsuit to frivolous in nature. When just looking at the injuries Ms. Liebeck received from the coffee temperature, one could never deem it a frivolous lawsuit, but there are those who will seek to capitalize on a lawsuit such as this by exclaiming half-truths in order to further their own agendas. Combine Regardless of what you think of the lawsuits, how could the business owners have prevented them? What advice can you give them for the future? Intro Pearson When digging into the details of the case a very simple business practice alteration could have prevented the entire debacle in the missing pants case. Currently the Chungs have a ticketing system where they place the ticket number and article size on the clothing. However if they added to that ticket and item description the debacle could have been avoided. In doing this the customer is helped and so is the company. McDonald’s It was rather obvious when looking through the facts of the McDonald’s case how the company could have prevented their lawsuit, That is one of the main reason’s they lost the case, is because due to their sever negligence in ignoring their consumer complaints, the jury was abhorred by the company. Very simply put McDonald’s once receiving the first customer complaint should have completed testing to see what would keep their coffee at a great taste with a less hazardous temperature. Similar to other institutes had done at the advice of the Shriner’s Burn Institute lowering their temperature to 135 to 140 degrees (Litant, 1995). In the future, some advice McDonald’s should take is to listen to their customers, if there are several complaints regarding one item, then the item either needs to be altered or discontinued. Combine Conclusion

A Liturgical Year and the Life and Death of Jesus Essay Example

A Liturgical Year and the Life and Death of Jesus Essay Example A Liturgical Year and the Life and Death of Jesus Essay A Liturgical Year and the Life and Death of Jesus Essay Christmas Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, who is believed to be the son of God. Jesus was born on the 25th of December which is Christmas Day. He may have been born in a cave but this fact is unknown. Jesus was born in a manger because the upper room was full. On Christmas Day most Christians go to church. Before Jesus was born a Angel Gabriel came to Mary to let her know that she was going to have a son, and she was going to call him Jesus. At Jesuss time pregnant women had to be married or there were stoned to death because they brought shame and dishonour to their familys and Mary wasnt married. So Joseph kept Marys pregnancy a secret to protect her and, and he married her before she got pregnant. Luke 1:30-35. You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus. 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the highest. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, 33 and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom will never end.† 34 â€Å"How will this be,† Mary asked the angel, â€Å"since I am a virgin?† 35 The angel answered, â€Å"The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the highest will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God. When Jesus was born, the three wise King came to visit and worship him. They found where Jess was by following the star that could have been Jupiter. At Jesuss time stars were a symbol that a King was going to be born or was going to die. People may have thought that a Super King was about to be born because of the size of the star. They gave Jesus gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Christmas is celebrated in the Christian church because its a very important day for Christians as it symbolizes the birth of Jesus. Christmas is a very special day in the Christian world; it is celebrated by Christians with great enthusiasm. It is a day of merrymaking and joy; people decorate thei

HMS Dreadnought - The 1906 Battleship that Changed Everything

HMS Dreadnought - The 1906 Battleship that Changed Everything In the early years of the 20th century, naval visionaries such as Admiral Sir John Jackie Fisher of the Royal Navy and Vittorio Cuniberti of the Regia Marnia began advocating for the design of all-big-gun battleships. Such a vessel would only feature the largest guns, at this point in time 12, and would largely dispense with the ships secondary armament. Writing for Janes Fighting Ships in 1903, Cuniberti argued that the ideal battleship would possess twelve 12-inch guns in six turrets, armor 12 thick, displace 17,000 tons, and be capable of 24 knots. He foresaw this colossus of the seas as being capable of destroying any existing foe though recognized that the construction of such vessels could only be afforded by the worlds leading navies. A New Approach A year after Cunibertis article, Fisher convened an informal group to begin assessing these types of designs. The all-big gun approach was validated during Admiral Heihachiro Togos victory at the Battle of Tsushima (1905) in which the main guns of Japanese battleships inflicted the bulk of the damage on the Russian Baltic Fleet. British observers aboard Japanese ships reported this to Fisher, now First Sea Lord, with the further observation that the Imperial Japanese Navys 12 guns were particularly effective. Receiving this data, Fisher immediately pressed ahead with an all-big-gun design. The lessons learned at Tsushima were also embraced by the United States which began work on an all-big-gun class (the South Carolina-class) and the Japanese who commenced building the battleship Satsuma. While planning and construction for the South Carolina-class and Satsuma began prior to British efforts, they soon fell behind for a variety of reason. In addition to the increased firepower of an all-big-gun ship, the elimination of the secondary battery made adjusting fire during battle easier as it allowed spotters to know which type of gun was making the splashes near an enemy vessel. The removal of the secondary battery also made the new type more efficient to operate as fewer types of shells were needed. Moving Forward This reduction in cost greatly aided Fisher in securing Parliamentary approval for his new ship. Working with his Committee on Designs, Fisher developed his all-big-gun ship which was dubbed HMS Dreadnought. Centered on a main armament of 12 guns and a minimum top speed of 21 knots, the committee evaluated a variety of different designs and layouts. The group also served to deflect criticism away from Fisher and the Admiralty.    Propulsion Including the latest technology, Dreadnoughts power plant utilized steam turbines, recently developed by Charles A. Parsons, in lieu of the standard triple-expansion steam engines. Mounting two paired sets of Parsons direct-drive turbines powered by eighteen Babcock Wilcox water-tube boilers, Dreadnought was driven by four three-bladed propellers. The use of the Parsons turbines greatly increased the speed of the vessel and allowed it to outrun any existing battleship. The vessel was also fitted with a series of longitudinal bulkheads to protect the magazines and shell rooms from underwater explosions. Armor To protect Dreadnought the designers elected to use Krupp cemented armor which was produced at William Beardmores mill in Dalmuir, Scotland. The main armor belt measured 11 thick at the waterline and tapered to 7 at its lower edge. This was supported by an 8 belt that ran from the waterline up to the main deck. Protection for the turrets included 11 of Krupp cemented armor on the faces and sides while the roofs were covered with 3 of Krupp non-cemented armor.   The conning tower utilized a similar arrangement to the turrets. Armament For its main armament, Dreadnought mounted ten 12 guns in five twin turrets. Three of these were mounted along the centerline, one forward and two aft, with the other two in wing positions on either side of the bridge. As a result, Dreadnought could only bring eight of its ten guns to bear on a single target. In laying out the turrets, the committee rejected superfiring (one turret firing over another) arrangements due to concerns that the muzzle blast of the upper turret would cause issues with the open sighting hoods of the one below. Dreadnoughts ten 45-calibre BL 12-inch Mark X guns were capable of firing two rounds per minute at a maximum range of around 20,435 yards. The vessels shell rooms possessed space to store 80 rounds per gun. Supplementing the 12 guns were 27 12-pdr guns intended for close defense against torpedo boats and destroyers. For fire control, the ship incorporated some of the first instruments for electronically transmitting range, deflection, and order directly to the turrets. HMS Dreadnought - Overview Nation: Great BritainType: BattleshipShipyard: HM Dockyard, PortsmouthLaid Down: October 2, 1905Launched: February 10, 1906Commissioned: December 2, 1906Fate: Broken up in 1923 Specifications: Displacement: 18,410  tonsLength: 527 ft.Beam: 82 ft.Draft: 26 ft.Propulsion: 18 Babcock Wilcox 3-drum water-tube boilers w/ Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbinesSpeed: 21 knotsComplement: 695-773 men Armament: Guns 10 x BL 12 in. L/45 Mk.X guns mounted in 5 twin B Mk.VIII turrets27 Ãâ€" 12-pdr 18 cwt L/50 Mk.I guns, single mountings P Mk.IV5 Ãâ€" 18 in. submerged torpedo tubes Construction Anticipating approval of the design, Fisher began stockpiling steel for Dreadnought at the Royal Dockyard in Portsmouth and ordered that many parts be prefabricated. Laid down on October 2, 1905, work on Dreadnought proceeded at a frenetic pace with the vessel being launched by King Edward VII on February 10, 1906, after only four months on the ways. Deemed complete on October 3, 1906, Fisher claimed that the ship had been built in a year and a day. In actuality, it took an additional two months to finish the ship and Dreadnought was not commissioned until December 2. Regardless, the speed of the ships construction startled the world as much as its military capabilities. Early Service Sailing for the Mediterranean and Caribbean in January 1907, with Captain Sir Reginald Bacon in command, Dreadnought performed admirably during its trials and testing. Closely watched by the worlds navies, Dreadnought inspired a revolution in battleship design and future all-big-gun ships were henceforth referred to as dreadnoughts. Designated flagship of the Home Fleet, minor problems with Dreadnought were detected such as the location of the fire control platforms and the arrangement of the armor. These were corrected in the follow-on classes of dreadnoughts. World War I Dreadnought was soon eclipsed by the Orion-class battleships which featured 13.5 guns and began entering service in 1912. Due to their greater firepower, these new ships were dubbed super-dreadnoughts. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Dreadnought was serving as flagship of the Fourth Battle Squadron based at Scapa Flow. In this capacity, it saw its only action of the conflict when it rammed and sank U-29 on March 18, 1915. Refitted in early 1916, Dreadnought shifted south and became part of the Third Battle Squadron at Sheerness. Ironically, due to this transfer, it did not participate in the 1916 Battle of Jutland, which saw the largest confrontation of battleships whose design had been inspired by Dreadnought. Returning to the Fourth Battle Squadron in March 1918, Dreadnought was paid off in July and placed in reserve at Rosyth the following February. Remaining in reserve, Dreadnought was later sold and scrapped at Inverkeithing in 1923. Impact While Dreadnoughts career was largely uneventful, the ship initiated one of the largest arms races in history which ultimately culminated with World War I. Though Fisher had intended to use Dreadnought to demonstrate British naval power, the revolutionary nature of its design immediately reduced Britains 25-ship superiority in battleships to 1. Following the design parameters set forth by Dreadnought, both Britain and Germany embarked on battleship building programs of unprecedented size and scope, with each seeking to build larger, more powerfully armed ships. As a result, Dreadnought and its early sisters were soon out-classed as the Royal Navy and Kaiserliche Marine quickly expanded their ranks with increasingly modern warships. The battleships inspired by Dreadnought served as the backbone of the worlds navies until the rise of the aircraft carrier during World War II.

To what extent can you consider the Arab World culture to be one Essay

To what extent can you consider the Arab World culture to be one singular culture - Essay Example Literature review is used in order to present important normative information on the Arab countries to which this study refers. On the other hand, the literature helps to identify the views of theorists regarding the characteristics and the importance of culture as part of a country’s social framework. Culture is an important part of a country’s history; in fact, culture reflects the development of a country’s social and political life. Through the decades, the changes on a country’s culture can be explained using the ‘social comparison’ theory; this theory is based on the assumption that every individual is likely ‘to use others to make sense of himself and his social world’ (Guimond, 2006, 15); in accordance with Singerman et al. (2006) ‘culture can be seen as a kind of soft power spreading the image and influence of the state beyond its borders among the peoples of other nations’ (Singerman et al., 2006, 157). At the next level, it is noted that the development of culture across a country – but also across a greater region – can be achieved using a series of different tools/ paths, like ‘media products, educational infrastructure and models of economic development and modernization’ (Singerma n et al., 2006, 157). The culture of Arab countries can be explained by referring primarily to the characteristics of Arab culture as an indication of a specific way of life; indeed, in the study of Moran et al. (2007, 316) it is noted that the term ‘Arab’ is mainly related with a specific way of life – the nomadic way of life; through the decades, the term has been used in order to refer to the culture of people living in Middle East; however, it is made clear that not all people living in this area have the same cultural characteristics mostly because today Arab is considered to be related with

Paper about your experience in Ice-cream social and a game of Jenga Essay

Paper about your experience in Ice-cream social and a game of Jenga - Essay Example I, however, soon started feeling uncomfortable and suspected a body reaction after every ice cream social event. It was not until my worst experience that I stopped participating in the events and restrained from taking ice cream and exposing myself to cold environmental factors. This followed a diagnosis that I became asthmatic, a health complication that is triggered by allergic reaction to cold among other factors. The attack was so severe during my last ice cream social event that I had to be rushed to the hospital, in an ambulance, moments later. I also had a reversed experience with the jenga game that I initially thought was complicated and less interesting. Taking time with peers and the pride of being the best in the game however won my interest and I soon determined to learn the game’s rules. I then realized that the jenga game combined both artistic and analytical skills of establishing a balance for the masses in the built structure. I then excelled and became one of the top players in the game that later captivated my

The Federalist Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Federalist Papers - Essay Example The historical consensus is that the Federalist faction eventually triumphed over the Anti-federalist faction primarily because of the intellectual advantage that developed as a result of these publications. Federalist Paper 10 was written by James Madison and it specifically addresses the issue of the power and inherent danger of factional interests. The overriding argument between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists rested upon the fear of too much power in the hands of a centralized government. To counter these legitimate concerns, Madison's contribution to the Federalist Papers turned out to be one of the most important. Madison's argument rested upon the proposition that one of the finest achievements of the Constitution was that it offered a method of controlling the dangers of factions. Madison defined factions as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community" (Ball 41). These factions are created by differences of opinion and interests and Madison regarded them as i nevitability. The hidden danger of the inevitability of factions is that even when no single faction becomes too powerful, the political infighting can often lead to an obstruction of the interests of the larger public and they have the potential for disenfranchising entire groups and infringing upon the rights of the less powerful. Madison's contention that factions are an inevitable part of a society revealed the soft underbelly of even a representative democratic state. Those who have wealth to protect will tend to gravitate toward others with the same economic interests. Factions can be created around any shared interest or goal, but the primary issue behind the rise of factions will always be power and wealth and the distribution of each. Madison contended well before Karl Marx that property owners are in constant conflict with those who do not. The extrapolation from this assertion is that heart of factionalism in the United States arises as a result of the divergence between the haves and the have-nots. Since property is bound to be divided unequally, and since property means different things to different people, even the interests of those who own property may differ. Madison declares in Federalist 10 that it is in the interest of the government to offer protection of the interests of property owners, wh ile at the same time regulate the inevitable conflicts that arise between property owners and those without. Madison argues that controlling a faction can only be accomplished by eliminating the cause of the conflict or taming its effects. To eliminate the cause of conflict would require the surrender of certain liberties and rights and Madison considered this to be a cure that would do more harm than the disease. The only other way to eliminate the causes of conflict would be to somehow ensure a system in which such things as opinions and interests were shared. Obviously, that would be impossible. The only choice left is to control the effects of the conflict that creates factions and Madison proposed the Constitution as the finest mechanism by which such control could be enacted. Pure democracy was deemed to not be the answer as Madison and the

Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous Essay Example for Free

Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous Essay Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous Privacy seems to be something that many people desire, but is becoming less and less available. With all the new technology, it is easier than ever to invade someone’s privacy. With cameras everywhere, from ATM’s to people’s cell phones, it is difficult for anyone to do anything that can be kept to one ’s self. While privacy is a right that the average person doesn’t normally struggle with, it is a problem that celebrities encounter everyday. Paparazzi are constantly following these famous people around as they do their everyday things like shopping, playing with their children, partying, or simply hanging in their homes. It is basically the price to pay to be famous. While these celebrities’ lives are invaded to a large degree, shouldn’t they still enjoy the right to keep some aspects of their lives private? Celebrities should have the right to keep things like medical records private, because not only is it a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), it is unethical to release medical information about someone to the public, even celebrities. In recent years, there have been a number of break-ins of celebrity medical records that have been leaked to the tabloids. In 2006 one of the country’s leading medical institutions discovered that the security of their medical records had been breached when The National Enquirer printed a story about Farrah Faucet’s cancer relapse, before the actress even told any of her family members† (Steinhaurer, 2008). Ms. Faucet is not the only celebrity who has had this happen. In 2007, George Clooney was informed that his medical records were accessed by people who didn’t have the right to look at them, following a motorcycle crash that left the actor with broken ribs and scrapes. Britney Spears was also a victim when the media reported that she was involuntarily hospitalized in 2008 and put in the psych ward under the thought she could be a danger to others or herself. Gossip outlets and other news media reported on her interactions with staff and visitors throughout her hospitalization (Techweb, 2008). These are incidents that have occurred for many years, as tabloids are always interested in the medical issues celebrities deal with, and keeping it under wraps is more difficult with technology making it easier for anyone to gain instant access to health secrets. â€Å"With the advent of networked computers, the problem has increased exponentially, and celebrities are constantly surrounded by people who are willing to trade in medical information for profit or their own 15 minutes† (Blankstein, 2008). While the people who accessed the records of these celebrities and leaked the stories are definitely at fault, I think that much of the blame also lies with the reporters and journalists who actually print and air the stories. The press is violating privacy by releasing these stories in two ways, legally and ethically. â€Å"Medical privacy rules apply to everybody, including celebrities,† Alicia Mitchell, spokesperson for the American Hospital Association said. â€Å"Everybody is entitled to confidentiality of what is often very personal information† (Rhea, 2007). By printing the very private medical information, there was a violation of HIPPA. HIPPA is an act that went into effect in 1996 and it set a national standard for securing and protecting patient health information. Hospitals have strict policies against leaking information, with the exceptions of insurance and law enforcement investigations. Because of this law, many health care providers won’t even admit to treating some patients (Techweb, 2008). While the people who leaked the stories to the press have been reprimanded by either suspension or termination, there wasn’t any type of consequences for the press for reporting this illegal material. That brings me to the ethical violation. â€Å"Depriving people of their privacy is a cruel and immoral act, which could destroy their lives. The sole objective of tabloids is to make money, so they’ll go to any extreme to satisfy their readers and increase circulation figures† (Heng, 2006). It is obvious that celebrity news is an outlet that sells, as seen by the numerous tabloids and entertainment shows. The public has an interest in what is going on in the lives of these rich and glamorous people. This brings on a form of mediated voyeurism, which can be defined as, â€Å"the consumption of revealing images and information about others’ real and unguarded lives, not always for the purpose of entertainment but frequently at the expense of privacy and discourse, through the means of the mass media† (Calvert, 2000). Basically saying that the public has a need to see these famous people and learn about their lives, even at the risk of invading their privacy. The tabloids simply exploit the public’s desire to learn these things, regardless of the ethical issues of invading a human being’s privacy. They know people will buy it and that they will make money. I think that to be an ethical journalist it is important to empathize with the person whose life is about to be splashed on the papers. Of course there is the matter of getting the story and pleasing the readers and the editor, but it should take into account the public’s real right to know. A story about the health of someone like the President of the United States might be something worth printing, because knowing how he is medically is of public interest because this is a man that is running the country. However, that is a different scenario with someone like Britney Spears. She is simply an entertainer and it isn’t important for the public to know her health because it will not affect the daily lives of people. It is simply news that the public likes to learn about. If I were a journalist, I would like to think to myself how I would feel if someone had released my medical records for the public to read. I would feel very violated. As Lance Morrow states, â€Å"Good journalistic standards are not difficult to state, just tough sometimes when applied case by case. Journalists function best when they are mature, experienced, and intelligent; when they keep their work as clear and simple as possible; when they fall back upon decency and common sense if questions arise about whether to run a piece† (Morrow, 2002). If these people were true journalists, they would think ethically about whether or not to release this type of information, and whether or not it is simply the decent thing to do. I would think that it would be an easy answer because, just because someone is famous, doesn’t mean that all of their privacy rights should be violated.

Mineko Iwasakis Geisha, A Life :: Mineko Iwasaki Geisha, A Life

Mineko Iwasaki's Geisha, A Life Geisha is a wonderful book for people who want to learn about Japanese culture and the geisha arts. Iwasaki explains the intricacies and politics of the business while telling of her life as a geisha in post-World War II Japan. Reviewer Alyssa Kolsky writes â€Å"there’s something alluring about a book that details the day-to-day minutes of one of the world’s most fascinating, secretive and oldest professions† (74). Mineko Iwasaki is a strong willed woman who becomes the Number One geisha of Kyoto’s top geisha house, the Iwasaki oikya. Starting her career at age five, Mineko quickly gains notoriety and overcomes the hurdles that come with being a geisha. She retires at age 29 after fourteen years as Japan’s most famous geisha. People experienced with Japanese culture might find the narration too simple and straight-forward, but beginners will gain a wealth of knowledge. As Mineko describes her life in the oikya, she also includes the histories of the Gion Kobu district where she lived, and the women in the oikya, along with the details of the social-political structure between geishas, their clients, and the businesses that support the geisha arts. Some readers might also find Geisha a little dispassionate for their tastes. â€Å"Her lack of reflection and tendency toward mechanical description make the work more of a manual than a memoir,† (56) writes Sarah Gold and Mark Rotella. An anonymous reviewer for Kirkus Reviews describes a number of passages as â€Å"quite a mouthful for the uninitiated† (1198). Despite Iwasaki’s writing style, Geisha is a wonderful book for fans of the geisha arts and women rising above obstacles that stand in their way. Resources â€Å"Geisha, A Life (Book)† Kirkus Reviews.